BRAIN Initiative: Development of Novel Tools to Probe Cell-Specific and Circuit-Specific Processes in Human and Non-Human Primate Brain (UG3/UH3 Clinical Trial Optional)

This description is about a grant under the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. The grant is titled "Development of Novel Tools to Probe Cell-Specific and Circuit-Specific Processes in Human and Non-Human Primate Brain" and is the reissued version of RFA-MH-22-115, now incorporating DMSP policy.

The objective of the initiative is to promote applications that design and validate innovative tools. These tools will aid in the meticulous examination and manipulation of intricate circuits and contribute to the understanding of cell interactions responsible for brain function. The current hindrances in advancing the treatment of brain disorders in humans are due to the absence of safe, minimally invasive means to observe and control circuitry. Implementing unique cellular and circuit-specific tools for clinical intervention will need concentrated research designed towards eliminating barriers to the delivery of gene therapies.

Besides identifying and removing such obstacles, there is also a challenge to target specifically nanfunctioning circuitry. In recent times, neuroscience has benefitted from a considerable whirlwind of new research tools thanks to the BRAIN Initiative; however, most are suitable for use in primarily rodents, fish, and flies only.

The increasing adaptability of these tools, such as viral delivery of genetic constructs, to large brains and their potential as therapeutic strategies for human brain disorders signifies a pressing need to develop tools applicable to larger brains. The focus of this initiative is to develop tools relevant to the human brain. Any new tools or technologies created under this initiative should take into consideration and/or leverage cell-type and circuit-level specification.

Lastly, a crucial part of a successful application would be the plans for verifying the effectiveness of the newly developed tool or technology.